Mary Ainsworth

When perusing numerous presentations on the historical backdrop of brain science it is seen there are not many females referenced. That doesn't mean ladies are not credited to having critical effects in the improvement of brain research. â€Å"The commitments of a large number of brain science's most prominent female scholars have for quite some time been overlooked, however that is beginning to change as more history messages perceive ladies, for example, Karen Horney, Mary Ainsworth, Leta Hollingworth, and Christine Ladd-Franklin in their pages. † These ladies are only a rare sorts of people who have made colossal commitments and checks on psychology.The foundation, hypothetical methodology, and commitments of Mary Ainsworth are huge to the field brain research even still today. Course of events/Background of Mary Ainsworth Mary Ainsworth was conceived in December 1913 in Glendale, Ohio. She was the most established of three young ladies; in 1918 her family migrated to Toron to Canada, and picked up their citizenship. In her family unit instruction and studies were noted to be significant. â€Å"When she was fifteen, she read William McDougall's book Character and the Conduct of Life, which enlivened her long lasting enthusiasm for psychology† (O'Connell, 1983).In 1929 Ainsworth went to learn at the University of Toronto; she was one of just four understudies to complete the distinctions degree program in brain research. At the time her dad concluded it would be best for her to turn into a transcriber, however he was as yet strong of her quest for graduate work in brain science. In 1939Mary Ainsworth was an ongoing Ph. D. graduate. She needed to remain at the University of Toronto, and she intrigued the leader of the brain research division. In any case, she was not chosen for a position in light of the fact that the University Senate wouldn't select a female.In 1942 Ainsworth joined the Canadian Women’s Army Corp, and in the wake of filli ng in as an advisor in the Army for a long time, she returned to the University of Toronto and picked up the position colleague educator. She got drew in to Leonard Ainsworth an alumni understudy, and they wedded in 1950. It was troublesome filling in as associate teacher on the staff where her better half was an understudy so both moved to London, England. â€Å"Mary Ainsworth was chosen for an exploration position at the Tavistock Clinic under therapist John Bowlby.Bowlby’s examination of the impacts of detachment of kids from their mother’s/caregiver’s filled in as an antecedent of Ainsworth’s prior work on the security theory†. In 1953 Leonard Ainsworth was keen on going to Africa. Mary Ainsworth could discover work as an examination analyst at the East African Institute of Social Research in Kampala, Uganda. She directed a momentary naturalistic investigation of the mother-newborn child relationship and distributed the results.Two years after the fact Mary handled a situation as a speaker in Baltimore, Maryland, at John Hopkins. In addition to the fact that she lectured, and oversee understudies, she set up a private practice devoted to youngsters. In 1960 as a result of separation Ainsworth turned out to be discouraged. In 1963, one year in the wake of beginning the examination she is most popular for she turned into a full teacher. In1975 Ainsworth left Hopkins for an educator position at the University of Virginia. She educated there until her retirement in 1984. She stayed dynamic in her calling until 1992.The American Psychological Foundation granted her the Gold Medal Award forever accomplishment in the study of brain research from. In 1999 Mary Ainsworth went at 86 years old, she never had any kids however her significant commitments were in investigation of youngsters. Hypothetical Perspective of Mary Ainsworth Bowlby and Ainsworth cooperated to build up the connection hypothesis and exploration. â€Å"The recog nizing normal for the hypothesis of connection that we have mutually evolved is that it is an ethological way to deal with character development.Although they had separate ways to deal with understanding character advancement, they cooperated each including various thoughts and points of view. In Uganda Ainsworth invested energy doing explore on mother youngster communications. Simultaneously she instructing and addressing about brain science at John Hopkins, Mary Ainsworth started work to make a test to gauge connections among mother’s and caregiver’s, and their youngsters. Here she built up the â€Å"Strange Situations† appraisal. Kids ages a year and a half were seen during the assessment.A scientist viewed a child’s response when the person in question was quickly taken off alone in a new room. Significant data was uncovered during the division and upon the mother’s/caregiver’s return. â€Å"Based on her perceptions, Ainsworth inferred that there are three primary connection styles. The three fundamental connection styles are secure, on edge avoidant, and restless resistant†. Since her underlying discovering, her work has brought forth various investigations into the idea of connection and the distinctive connection styles that exist among kids and caregivers.Mary Ainsworth’s commitments to brain research Significant commitments to the study of brain science have been made by Mary Ainsworth with her â€Å"Strange Situations† evaluation. After the examination she finished up the fundamental connection styles are secure, on edge avoidant, and on edge safe. She set a stage and numerous others in the blink of an eye followed. Her questionable examination on connection assumed a significant job in understanding the improvement of children.In 1986 analysts Main and Solomon included a fourth connection style: complicated shaky. There are various investigations that help Ainsworth’s research. Ex tra exploration has likewise demonstrated early connection styles can help foresee practices further down the road. Mary Ainsworth’s examination and commitments are as yet essential to the investigation of brain research today. End â€Å"Mary Ainsworth realized her work was easily proven wrong and could be comprehended by some in the women’s development as a request to moms to remain at home with their kids in their initial age†.â€Å"And while I accentuate the significance of a safe connection among newborn child and parental figure, and that full-time mothering might be the typical method of guaranteeing a safe connection, she didn't deny that elective courses of action were conceivable. She stated, â€Å"Had I myself had the kids for whom I vainly ached, I like to trust I could have shown up at some agreeable mix of mothering and a profession, yet I don't accept that there is any widespread, simple, instant answer for the problem† (Ainsworth, 1983. p. 216).With tables turning and the commitments of psychology’s most unmistakable female scholar being added to course readings understudies will concentrate progressively about the commitments of Mary Ainsworth. Her experience, critical commitments, and hypothetical methodology are indispensable still today. Numerous brain science analysts utilize the â€Å"Strange Situation† evaluation as a reason for examination on youngster advancement research. Mary Ainsworth lived 86 years and the vast majority of her life was spent investigating, addressing, educating, and seeing in the brain science field.

Mental Models About a Persons World Essay Example for Free

Mental Models About a Persons World Essay Presentation: Meeting an individual just because, can either be a constructive or antagonistic experience and the manner in which somebody cooperates with this individual can likewise show both positive and negative practices. So the inquiry is, by what method can mental models about a people world, both guide them and furthermore limit their recognitions when meeting an individual just because. Through investigating how and why these discernments can be helped and restricted, we can begin to scrutinize the thinking behind our psychological models. MENTAL MODELS Consistently, scholarly writing has characterized a psychological model from numerous points of view, anyway the most ideal approach to comprehend what a psychological model is, is the profoundly imbedded perspectives or even certain pictures, that trigger suspicions and speculations, at last influencing the manner in which an individual reacts as well or acts on the planet, be it towards an individual or a real existence circumstance (Senge 2006). A genuine case of a psychological model is, the speculation that lone rich individuals live in the eastern rural areas of Sydney. This speculation might be valid at times, yet in different cases, others may live there in light of the fact that they have experienced their for their entire lives, thus, we can see this specific speculation or mental model has not be thoroughly considered. Not addressing mental models, can frequently prompt bogus speculations, this circumstance can likewise emerge when meeting an individual just because. When meeting an individual just because, our psychological models can help us both comprehend and at last coexist with the individual or they can restrict our observations, which means we make presumptions or speculations that inevitably modify our recognitions about this individual or how we act towards them. All the time, we see that we are not deliberately mindful of our psychological models and the influences that they can have on our conduct (Chermack 2003), this thusly, limits our observations. Mental models are frequently ambiguous, fragmented and loosely communicated (Karp 2005) be that as it may, once accepted, mental models are amazingly hard to change (Chermack 2003). This is profoundly due to theâ fact that individuals are uninformed of their own psychological models, and the main route for an individual to change their psychological model, is for them to recognize that they have one to begin with. Mental models can be valuable as they can assist us with processing data and settle on choices rapidly (Unknown 1997) and they can likewise be basic establishments for building information about the world we live in (Karp 2005). For example, when an individual has a psychological model that all remove food is terrible for their wellbeing and prosperity, when parted with the choice of either having take food or a solid supper at home, the people mental model will in this way lead them to rapidly choose to eat a sound dinner at home. Be that as it may, extremely solid mental models can prevent dynamic reasoning and the acknowledgment of new thoughts (Unknown 1997), and frequently emerge issues when they are implied, implying that they are underneath the degree of mindfulness (Senge 1992). Utilizing the case of the Detroit vehicle creator, not perceiving that they had the psychological model that every one of that clients thought about was styling, accepting that all individuals care about is styling, obviously gives us that their psychological model had gotten implied. This psychological model kept on being unexamined, and on the grounds that this psychological model remained unexamined, the model stayed unaltered, and in this manner as the world changed the hole developed between the psychological model of this Detroit automaker and the world (Senge 1992). Unmistakably, mental models can proceed as channels that screen approaching data that come to us, constraining our perspectives and furthermore our discernmen ts (Unknown 1997). A people mental model speaks to their view on the world, it likewise gives them the setting wherein they see and decipher new material and furthermore new individuals in which they meet just because (Kim 1993). It not just encourages us to comprehend what is happening around us, yet it can likewise confine our comprehension of a specific circumstance. For instance, when somebody has been named as not a pleasant individual, with never scrutinizing its legitimacy, individuals make a psychological model that, that individual isn't decent, thus when they do or say something decent it goes unnoticed, and consequently, the conduct doesn't fit with the psychological model individuals have towards thisâ certain person. These untested presumptions or mental models can in the long run cause struggle and false impressions between individuals. Creating aptitudes all things being equal and request can help us in understanding our psychological models and furthermore with managing others. At the point when we use aptitudes of reflection we hinder our perspectives and recognize how our psychological models are shaped and how they influence our conduct. Where as abilities of request, is worried about how we work in up close and personal circumstances with others, particularly when we are managing complex and conflictual issues (Senge 2006). Along with the instruments and techniques used to build up these abilities these establish the center of the control of mental models, which comprises of; the differentiations between embraced hypotheses and speculations being used, perceiving jumps of reflection, uncovering the left-hand section and adjusting request and backing (Senge 2006). At the point when an individual says that they worth or want something, that is known as embraced hypothesis, notwithstanding, what they really state or do, is known as speculations being used (Bocham 2010). Recognizing the holes between what we state and what we do, can be viewed as a successful intelligent ability in getting increasingly mindful of our psychological models. Somebody may proclaim their view (upheld hypothesis) that individuals for the most part are dependable, yet their activities (speculations being used) show in an unexpected way, as they never loan out cash and hush up about their assets (Senge 2006). As clear in the model above, there is a hole between the people embraced hypothesis and their hypothesis being used. By perceiving the hole between embraced hypothesis and the hypothesis being used, learning can happen, as we as people question whether we truly esteem our upheld hypothesis (Senge 2006). At the point when we meet an individual just because, we can rapidly bounce into speculations as we never might suspect to address them. For instance, when we meet an individual and they state that they are a specialist, we naturally accept that they are brilliant, as it is a speculation that all specialists are shrewd we never appear to scrutinize this psychological model. These are known as jumps of deliberation. Jumps of reflection happen when we move from direct perceptions to speculations without addressing them, this ultimatelyâ impedes learning since it gets proverbial, as what was at one time a supposition that is presently treated as a reality (Senge 2006). Thusly, this turns into another confinement, where mental models can have on our recognitions when we meet individuals just because. Be that as it may, these jumps of deliberation can without much of a stretch be recognized when individuals ask what their speculation depends on and whether the speculation is incorrect or deceiving (Senge 2006) Senge (2006) recognizes the left-hand section as an amazing strategy whereby people start to perceive how their psychological models work in contrasting circumstances. This activity can show people that they in reality have mental models and give them how those models have a functioning impact in at times adverse cooperations with individuals, not exclusively do these individuals become mindful of their psychological models, however they start to recognize why managing these suppositions is basic (Senge 2006). All together for good correspondence between people to emerge, individuals need to perceive that all together for the correspondence procedure to be successful, mental models must be overseen appropriately, this is finished by adjusting backing and request (Peggy Bronn 2003). Promotion is the way toward imparting a people perspectives and thinking in a way that makes it understood for other people (Peggy Bronn 2003). When there is promotion without request, it just prompts more support, and subsequently prompts two people expressing their methods of thinking and thinking, the two of them are quick to here the others sees, yet don't ask into what they are stating on the grounds that they accept that what they are stating is eventually the most ideal perspective. An approach to handle this, is through the procedure of request. Request draws in two people into the correspondence procedure in a joint learning process (Peggy Bronn 2003). Here the goal is to comprehend the thinking and thinking about the other individual, this should be possible by approaching them inquiries with the goal for them to decide the beginning for their decisions and explanations (Peggy Bronn 2003). People can do this by posing inquiries, for example, What is it that drives you to that position? what's more, would you be able to delineate your point for me? (Senge 2006). In this way, it is evidentâ that getting a handle on the expertise of adjusting support and request, is profoundly profitable in communicating with others, particularly those you meet just because. End: In this manner, it is basic and exceptionally favorable for us to scrutinize our psychological models in ordinary circumstances, for example, meeting individuals just because, as it will prevent us from naturally making presumptions and making speculations. Through recognizing jumps of deliberation, utilizing the left-hand segment method and furthermore specifically acing the aptitude of adjusting promotion and request, we can figure out how to scrutinize these psychological models, and consequently addressing whether they truly hold their incentive in our reality. Along these lines, when we meet an individual just because, before we make presumptions and speculations, we may need to perceive our imbedded mental models and figure out how to address them, in this manner helping the procedure of correspondence to be a positive encounter. REFERENCE LIST: Bochman, DJ Kroth, M. 2010, Immunity to transformational learning and change, _The Learning Organization,_ vol. 17, no. 4,

Favorite Clothes of a Minimalist

Favorite Clothes of a Minimalist “Look at all those fancy clothes, but these gonna keep us warm just like those.” â€"Jack Johnson What does a minimalist wear? I’m surprised I get this question as often as I doâ€"as if people expect to see me walking around in a loinclothâ€"but, given the many misconceptions surrounding minimalism, it’s a valid question. Simply, a minimalist wears their favorite clothes every day. Most days I wear jeans, a teeshirt, and a pair of boots. Or, when I feel like it, I wear a crisp white button-up shirt, jeans, a blazer, colorful socks, and a clean pair of dress shoes. (I avoid logos because I refuse to be a walking billboard.) I don’t have many clothes now, and I still go to the Goodwill a few times a month to donate an item or two (if I’m not wearing it anymore, it gets donated), but I thoroughly enjoy the clothes I own. I don’t, however, give sentimental meaning to my clothes. If all my clothes burned in a house fire tomorrow, it wouldn’t be a big deal to me. “What about those shoes you’re in today? They’ll do no good on the bridges you burnt along the way.” â€"Jack Johnson Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

The Great Boom Of Industrialization - 1121 Words

In the late 1800’s, the United States saw a great boom in industrialization. The rise in industrialization allowed men like J.P Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Commodore Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller, or any other wealthy businessman to become the prominent figures they were in society. However, the reason why these men were able to be successful was because of the labor they had. The untold stories of laborers, especially of African Americans, provide a revelation of the hardships they had to endure in order to lead the United States to the global power it is today. In 1907, Green Cottenham was arrested for traveling in a freight train without a ticket and for vagrancy. Cottenham only had two options in this predicament. He could either by a huge fine or be sold into labor because of vagrancy. Without having any money, he could only choose the latter. Cottenham was sent off a to a coal mine that was owned by the U.S Steel Corporation. This disease ridden coal mine had h orrible conditions for people like Cottenham. Because of the syphilis and the tuberculosis that he developed from working in these mines, Cottenham died just four months after he began working in mines. Cottenham was an example of blacks could be forced to be laborers due to legal, yet unjust, means. Others were kidnapped. In 1902, 14 year old James Robinson was kidnapped and sold into involuntary servitude, ending up being located at a plantation called Kinderlou in Georgia. At Kinderlou, JamesShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Industrialization of the 19th Century in America Matt Capone FIN 419 Professor Moore May 3, 2014 Over the course of time, the country of America has changed in many ways. Towards the end of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrializationRead MoreThe Rise Of America s Power1540 Words   |  7 Pagesa New World Order, America made a remarkable surge towards becoming the global superpower that it is today. In the middle of the 19th century, industrialization had spread to the United States. Industrialization led to the growth of large cities and to a boom in agricultural growth as well. Many significant innovations came out of the industrialization process, such as: specified machines for certain labor tasks, the expansion of iron and textile industries, new forms of communication, and improvedRead MoreDiscuss China in Terms of Being the Middle Kingdom, Population Growth Issues, and Industrialization.715 Words   |  3 PagesWORLD GEOGRAPHY Discuss China in terms of being the â€Å"Middle Kingdom,† population growth issues, and industrialization. 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The Evolution of Databases - 596 Words

Database: Throughout the history of information, human beings have shifted seemingly rapidly from the oral storytelling tradition, to manuscripts then printed books, filing systems, and databases. As part of the shift from paper-based to web-based, databases were developed and established to help in dealing with the problems associated with file-oriented systems. Notably, the development of these databases was brought by the re-evaluation of the tools and techniques for information management. This in turn resulted in the rapid growth of networked information resources and representation in which World Wide Web technologies played a crucial role in redesigning the information management tools. Moreover, the origin of databases can be traced to the period where various efforts were made at office automation by several companies including IBM. As these efforts were mainly carried out between 1960s and 1970s, they resulted in the development models and technologies that are still used today. Dat abases developed from the initial database management system in the early 1960s to networked and hierarchical relationships for data. This was followed by the growth to SQL-based and relational database models that characterize the modern database management systems (Moghaddam, 2009). A database is described as a large collection of data that is arranged for easy storage and retrieval. In some cases, a database is defined as a large collection of data that is organized,Show MoreRelatedThe Evolution Of Database Management System1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe Evolution of DBMS A database management system, also known as DBMS, is a type of software that is used in order to create and manage a multitude of databases. Data is the power that runs most modern businesses. 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Biography of a Successful Person.Docx Uploaded Successfully Free Essays

Biography of a Successful Person Lai Chee-Ying, Jimmy (1948 – ) Jimmy Lai was born in Guangdong in 1948. He illegally immigrated to Hong Kong when he was 12. Jimmy found Giordano in 1975. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography of a Successful Person.Docx Uploaded Successfully or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1990, Jimmy established Next Media Ltd. Its Apple Daily and Next Weekly are two of the most popular newspapers and magazines nowadays in Hong Kong. Jimmy expanded his media business to Taiwan in 2001. He owns wealth over 3 billion HK dollars. Jimmy is a creative businessman. He demonstrated his innovative ideas no matter in garment or media industry. Garment Industry: Giordano Under the leading of Jimmy Lai, Giordano has become one of the leading clothing retailers in Hong Kong and owned over 200 stores since the beginning of 1990s. Jimmy brought a new practice to staff management on the retail business: outstanding sales would be rewarded for double salary. This policy was totally new to clothing retail industry at that time. Besides, Jimmy initiated the policy of â€Å"free to try and change with requiring a reason† for Giordano. It gave great confidence to the customers and built a good brand image. Media Industry: Next Media Next Media Limited was found in 1990. What makes Jimmy Lai a creative businessman is that he has turned printed media into many innovative usages. Turning Newspaper to Direct Selling: AdMart AdMart was a Hong Kong online and phone retailer. Jimmy Lai used the enormous network and media coverage of his Apple Daily to turn a newspaper to a menu for direct selling. AdMart had been the hot topic in Hong Kong after few months it launched. Jimmy Lai’s creative business idea had fitted in many feature of the Hong Kong society at that period. First, it was in a downturn of economy, people were looking for economical alternatives other than traditional supermarkets. Second, the increasing unemployment provided sufficient manpower for the delivery service of AdMart. Third, Apple Daily was one of the biggest printed media in Hong Kong. AdMart enjoyed the best marketing advantage among all other retail competitors. The launch of AdMart had once been a great challenge to the top retailers in Hong Kong: Parknshop and Wellcome. Although AdMart was closed due to the certain scandals of quality of goods and price war, AdMart was still the first try to turn media business into direct selling business. Turning Newspaper to Television Another creative business idea comes from Jimmy Lai is the Apple Action News. It is a video service provided by Next Media Limited to report most of the news from Apple Daily. Jimmy Lai realizes that many people prefer videos more than words and they like exaggerated reporting method. He starts the Apple Action News to capture this segment. Through YouTube and smartphone applications, Apple Action News has become one of the most popular information or entertaining media for Hong Kong and Taiwan consumers. It has successfully turned printed media into to videos and boosted up the consumer awareness to both Apple Daily and Apple Action News. Turning Newspaper to Banners Jimmy Lai is good at marketing his brands. One of his most creative ideas to promote the brand of Apple Daily is to turn newspaper to banners. Apply Daily’s political status is against to the government. It always supports those antigovernment protests. On the days of large protests such as 1st of July and 4th June, Apple Daily provides banners in its first page for readers and protesters. While some people might think that it is a waste of money, it gains opportunities to advertise Apple Daily for free. While all media in Hong Kong would report those large protests, they must take photos about the situation. As Apple Daily provides free banners for protesters, you will see people raising Apple Daily in the photos of different newspapers’ headlines. First, Apple Daily makes use of the protest opportunity to get free advertisement for its brand in different newspapers. Second, it could create a brand image that many people are reading Apple Daily. Third, providing banners helps Apple Daily to boost the sales on protest days since some of the protesters would purchase Apple Daily for the banners. This creative marketing idea has never been used by other media in Hong Kong. Jimmy Lai is a successful businessman who uses his creativity to develop new rules and trends in industries. His success in media industry makes him well known by everyone every Hong Kong. Meanwhile, Jimmy Lai is also a writer of over 15 books published by Next Media Limited. He is also a devout Catholic. ——————————————– 1 ]. Jimmy Lai (2007, January 27). . World Journal Book Store, Author Introduction [ 2 ]. Next Media Ltd. – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Next Media Ltd. http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/history2/91/Next-Media-Ltd. html#ixzz2AeOTMYpb [ 3 ]. (2000, July 12). . http://big. hi138. com/? i201715 [ 4 ]. Official Website of Apple Daily, http://hk. dv. nextmedia. com/ [ 5 ]. – , http://hk. 88db. com/hk/Knowledge/Knowledge_Detail. page? kid=14558 How to cite Biography of a Successful Person.Docx Uploaded Successfully, Essay examples

Workplace Relations Tribunal in Australia

Questions: 1.How does the Fair Work Commission make agreements? 2.How does the Fair Work Commission approve agreements? 3.What are the steps that are involved in the making and approving of agreements? 4.What are the strengths and the weaknesses of this process"? Answers: Introduction Commonwealth Court of Conciliation was established as Australias first workplace relations panel under the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904. The institution developed due to social, economic legislative changes thus, Fair Work Australia was formed which later came to be known as Fair Work Commission. Fair Work Commission is the current national workplace relations tribunal in Australia. The commission is an independent body which functions on various professional fields sectors the functions are carried out by the members of the commission. Some of the functions are related with the conditions wages of employment, a lookout on the action bargaining of the industries enterprises, providing solutions to industrial disputes both internal external, status of the employees in the industrial market other matters of the workplace as well. The whole operation is overseen by the President with the help from his administrative staffs. 1. Fair Work Commission provides information about the process of agreements made by the enterprises. Enterprise agreements such as, the terms conditions of the employment are made between an employer an employee. The commission also provides information about the disputes that take place during agreements as well as the approval disapproval of agreements (Westacott, 2017). The agreement of an enterprise can be formed between more than one employers and more than two employees along with their respected representatives. On the other hand, when no employees are employed, the employer himself negotiates with other employee unions. The approval of the agreements of the enterprise might vary depending on the types of agreement. There are three types of agreements: Single enterprise agreements involve a single employer or more employers (basically, franchisees) co-operating together is essentially a single enterprise. Multi enterprise agreements involve two or more employers who are definitely not single interest employers. Greenfields agreements involve one or more employers of a new enterprise or who are going to establish an enterprise but have not yet employed any employees for the conduct of the enterprise. Agreements like this can either be a single enterprise agreement or a multi enterprise agreement. The agreements of enterprises contain various matters such as, the conditions of employment, payment of the employees, consultative method, providing solutions to industrial disputes also about the deduction of the wages of an employee for any purpose. However, they can never include any kind of illegal terms or conditions. After the agreements are made, the process of bargaining comes into light. Through this process the employers the employees are able to negotiate the terms and conditions of the agreements (Macneil et al., 2014). 2. After the completion of the bargaining process of the agreements, certain pre-approval steps need to be taken to ensure that the agreements can be approved by the Fair Work Commission. The employer should take the responsibility to clearly explain about all the terms and conditions of the agreement to the employees the effect that it will provide. After accepting the terms conditions, all the employees need to vote for the agreement to show their approval. A successful voting may occur only when the agreements are properly made. For a single enterprise, the majority of the employees of the employer need to cast their vote to endorse the agreement. For multi-enterprise, the majority of employees of at least one employers need to cast valid votes to endorse the agreement. Now, if the employees of all the employers dont approve the agreement then it will only cover those employers their employees who have approved it. In the case of Greenfields agreement, each employer each of th eir employees need to sign their approval for the agreement (McPhail, Jerrard and Southcombe, 2014). All the agreements of the employees contains both lawful unlawful contents. The lawful contents are: The matters related with the business relationship between the employers the employees who are going to be covered by the terms of the agreement. The matters related with the relationship between an employer the union of the employees which will also be covered by the agreement. If under any situation, the wages of the employees are deducted then it also should be covered by the agreement. The method or the technique of the operation of the agreement. On the other hand, all the agreements should not contain any kind of unlawful content, such as, Any objectionable or discriminatory term against the employees or the union, a term which will enable an employee or an employer to opt out from the process of the agreement, a term which is related with illegal unfair decision to dismiss any employee who has completed a minimum amount of the employment period, a term which acts in a detrimental way to any employee as a person a term which is not consistent accordingly to the action of the industrial provisions (Angwin, 2017). 3. After the voting session, the agreements need to be applied to the Fair Work Commission for the approval. Respective representatives from every enterprises need to apply to the Commission for the agreement using the Form F16. All the application for the agreements must be submitted to the Commission within those 14 days period when the agreements were made the representatives must also submit along with the application a legitimate signed copy of the agreement as well. The applications can be send to the Commission office through e-mail, express post or even in person. The applications can also be lodged through the Online Lodgment Service (Forsyth, Gahan, Howe, 2011). 4. The commission must be satisfied with several contents of the agreement before providing with any kind of approval, such as, the Commission will make sure that the pre-approval steps of the agreements have been determined by the enterprises and that the agreements have been sincerely agreed by the employees and that they have not been forced upon. The Commission also have to oversee that whether the agreement has passes the better off overall test that it does not contain any terms through which the NES can be excluded. The agreement should not contain any illegal terms it must provide several procedures for the settlement of any disputes internally or externally. The agreement should also include a consultation a flexibility clause as well (Townsend, Wilkinson, Burgess, 2013) In many cases the commission may give an approval on the agreements of the enterprises including of several undertakings. For instance, the Commission may approve an agreement that may not have met the many requirements of the Fair Work Act 2009. This may happen only when the Commission is satisfied with a written undertaking by certain enterprise. The written undertaking will only be approved if it does not cause any financial or payment crisis to the employees as well as it will not likely to bring any significant changes to the agreement. After approving all the agreements of the enterprises, the Commission will officially announce their decision along with the approved agreement as well as with any written undertakings which have been accepted. All the agreements, approvals decisions will be published on their official website a copy of each approved agreements will be sent to every parties or enterprises involved. Conclusion The Fair Work Commission is one of the best workplace relations tribunal for the people of Australia. The establishment of this commission has provided solutions to every crisis which are related with every professional sectors or enterprises along with their employers employees. The Commission does a coverage of all the disputes that take place within the enterprises, such as, agreements made between the employers of the enterprises and their respected employees. No agreement made between an employer an employee is valid until unless it has been approved by the Fair Work Commission itself. Therefore, every enterprise needs to send their bargaining representative to lodge an application with the Commission to get an approval for their agreements. It is vital for the Commission to follow certain steps before approving the any agreement. Thus, the enterprise should meet all the detail points before forming an agreement between the employers the employees. Sometimes, agreements mig ht not meet all the needs of the Commission but those agreements might still be accepted approved if the Commission is satisfied by written undertaking by the enterprise. The process of bargaining is clearly putting the Australian industrial structure in a negative aspect. It is also hampering the economic, social legislative structure of the country as well. Thus, the commission needs to revive back the fundamentals of the bargaining of the enterprise which they intended to achieve or conquer. This will help the employers, employees the unions to work together to face the commercial challenges together or else, Australian Industries will not be able to participate in the global competition. The Commission should try to modernize the bargaining system of the enterprise by suppressing them to focus only on those bargains which are relevant to the enterprises, employers the employees. By doing so, there is also a scope for economic prosperity in the country. References Angwin, M 2017, EBAs are now just a blockage to productivity, Australian Financial Review, 14 February, p. 39. Forsyth, A, Gahan, P Howe, J 2011, Weighty measures: bargaining in balance, Australian Financial Review, 15 November, p. 63 Macneil, J., Arnold Waring, P., Bray, M. and Cooper, R. (2014).Employment relations : theory and practice. 1st ed. McGraw-Hill Education. McPhail, R., Jerrard, M. and Southcombe, A. (2014). Employment Relations: An Integrated Approach.Cengage Learning Australia. [online] Available at: https://cengage.com.au/product/title/employment-relations-an-integrated-approach/isbn/9780170254694 [Accessed 31 Mar. 2017]. Townsend, K, Wilkinson, A Burgess, J 2013, Is enterprise bargaining still a better way of working?,Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 100-117. Westacott, J. (2017). ENTERPRISE BARGAINING ON THE BRINK OF FAILURE.Business Council of Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.bca.com.au/media/enterprise-bargaining-on-the-brink-of-failure [Accessed 31 Mar. 2017].